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在寫作中能夠得心應(yīng)手的正確使用各種英文表達(dá)，對于許多考生來說都是一件心向往之卻身久不能至的憾事。大多數(shù)考生對于寫作詞匯和句法的積累，依舊停留在機(jī)械的背單詞背句子的低層次上。長此以往英文的表達(dá)能力不僅不會有長足的進(jìn)步，甚至還會由于存在大量詞不達(dá)意、文不對題的表達(dá)而導(dǎo)致英文水平退步。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵要結(jié)合“四種短語”搭配法在語境中系統(tǒng)掌握和運(yùn)用。

一、動詞+名詞

動詞加名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在英文議論文中使用的頻率最多。它既可以用在主動語態(tài)的句子中，也可以用在被動語態(tài)的句子中。但要注意：這里使用的動詞是及物動詞。下面給大家列舉幾個例子。

例一：spoil one’s children溺愛孩子

劍四4 These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.

例二：Encounter situations and experiences遭遇不同的處境和經(jīng)歷

劍五4 Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the experiences and situations we encounter in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.

例三：shape one’s personality影響人的性格

劍五4 It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops.

例四：raise the awareness提高意識

劍五B I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public.

例五：take action采取行動

劍五B Children can be educated about environmental issues at school, but adults need to take action.

例六：produce waste制造垃圾

劍五B I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.

二、動詞+介詞

動詞加名詞是英文表達(dá)中容易出錯的結(jié)構(gòu)：考生總會想當(dāng)然的給動詞搭配一個介詞，甚至直接省略不加。這里提醒考生注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用在主動語態(tài)的句子中，很少用于被動語態(tài)。同時，這里使用的動詞是不及物動詞。下面給大家列舉幾個例子。

例一：lie in something在于……

劍四2 While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.

例二：lie with somebody應(yīng)由…承擔(dān)責(zé)任

劍四4 But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children.

例三：benefit from something從…中獲益

劍四B They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.

例四：end up doing something以…告終

劍四4 Young people may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.

例五：depend on依賴，取決于

劍五4 But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development.

例六：use up something用完，耗盡

劍五B We forgot that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce.

三、形容詞+名詞

形容詞加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)使用頻率也比較高。形容詞能夠使表達(dá)的意思更具體更生動，名詞能夠使表達(dá)顯得更加正式和學(xué)術(shù)。下面給大家列舉幾個例子。

例一：unpredictable and powerful experiences無法預(yù)知且有影響力的經(jīng)歷

劍五4 It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.

例二：general knowledge常識

劍五2 The reason for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.

例三：a broad view目光遠(yuǎn)大

劍五2 By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

例四：a clear perspective清楚的理解

劍四2 An ability to keep a clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.

例五：an academic environment學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境

劍四4 Young people may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.

例六：loving personal relationship相親相愛的人際關(guān)系

劍四2 While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.

四、名詞+介詞

相比較動詞加介詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞加介詞考生的出錯率更高。要想避免此類錯誤，小編建議考生們必須積累各種常見搭配。下面給大家列舉幾個例子。

例一：consideration for somebody; understanding of something考慮某人；理解某物

劍四4 Children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.

例二：a problem for somebody某人的問題

劍四4 The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is not longer a problem for individual families, but also for society as a whole.

例三：advantages to doing something做某事的好處

劍四B While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to child’s relationship with his or her parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.

例四：effects on something對某事有影響

劍四B Such children find their first day at school at the age of six very frightening and this may have a negative effect on how they learn.

例五：a step in doing something做某事的方法

劍四2 If there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge.

例六：a sense of something意識到

劍四2 By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed by trivial things, etc.).

綜上所述，寫作詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)絕不能流于形式，考生不應(yīng)該僅僅看重自己能認(rèn)識幾個單詞，而應(yīng)該看重自己正確搭配單詞的能力。要知道英文的表達(dá)絕不是簡單的按照主謂（賓）或是主系表的順序拼湊幾個單詞，而是嚴(yán)格按照英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行的。

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