We’ve all heard the stories about job interviews gone wrong, like the eager young applicant who brought a sandwich to the interview, because, after all, it was lunch time.

我們都聽過面試失敗的案例，比如一個青年應聘者覺得午餐時間到了，興沖沖地抓著一個三明治就去面試了。

But a candidate’s first impression begins long before the interview. It starts with cover letter and CV or resume, which often are far from blemish-free.

事實上，應聘者的第一印象早在面試前就形成了。一封求職信、一份簡歷都會是敲門磚，而這往往又是錯漏百出的環(huán)節(jié)。

BBC Capital asked recruiters, hiring managers, and career coaches to share some of the most egregious errors they see in applications — and how to fix them.

BBC Capital咨詢了招聘人員、招聘主管以及職業(yè)生涯教練，讓他們說說自己見到的簡歷中最離譜的錯誤——以及如何補救。

Cut and paste isn’t your friend

復制粘貼?不!

Matthew Lanier, a Boston-based corporate recruiter at technology staffing firm Eliassen Group, recalls the resume of an applicant in her twenties, who had mostly retail and customer-service experience. So he was surprised when lower down on the CV, he found an executive-level position with a major finance company and dates of employment spanning almost 10 years. Turns out the applicant had searched professional-looking resumes online, found one she really liked, and cut and pasted her own experiences over it. But, she mistakenly left some of the other person’s work history and personal contact information on the document.

來自波士頓技術(shù)人員配備公司伊萊亞森集團(Eliassen Group)的招聘人員馬修·拉尼爾(Matthew Lanier)想起他看過的一份簡歷。應聘者年紀尚淺，二十多歲，卻擁有著零售和客服方面豐富的經(jīng)驗。讓他大吃一驚的是，繼續(xù)往下看，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)簡歷上印著一家大金融公司的行政崗，應聘日期幾乎有十年之久。原來，求職者在網(wǎng)上搜了一份看上去很專業(yè)的簡歷，覺得挺滿意，就把自己的經(jīng)歷剪切上去。但是，她忘了把別人的工作經(jīng)歷和聯(lián)系方式刪去了。

“You have to assume that your entire resume will be looked at prior to being contacted, and that a careless mistake could be the difference between getting the job you want or being passed over,” wrote Lanier in an email.

拉尼爾在郵件中寫到：“你要想，在收到面試通知前，你的簡歷是會被仔細考量的，而這種低級錯誤可能決定了你是否能得到工作。”

There’s also another important reason to take the extra time—you can more easily support your story in interviews, according to Lanier.

拉尼爾還說，在簡歷上多花點時間還有一個重要原因——在面試時，你要對自己的工作經(jīng)歷對答如流。

“There is a huge difference between the candidate who can naturally apply their experience to the questions being asked of them versus one who is looking down at their resume for every answer,” he said.

拉尼爾表示：“能輕輕松松用工作經(jīng)歷回答面試問題的，和那些問一句，看一眼簡歷的人真的差很多。”

Toss the form letter

扔掉千篇一律的模板吧!

When Ed Zitron, founder of EZPR, a public relations firm in San Francisco, listed an opening for a paid intern on InternMatch.com, he received more than 100 applications. Not one contained a personal cover letter.

舊金山公關公司EZPR的創(chuàng)始人艾德·基特隆(Ed Zitron)在實習生求職網(wǎng)(InternMatch.com)上發(fā)布了一個帶薪實習崗后，收到了一百多份簡歷，但竟沒有一份附有求職信。

“Every single one was a form letter, clearly copied and pasted,” said Zitron by email. Worse, almost none of the applicants even bothered to “put my name, or the firm's name, anywhere in the body” of the cover letter.

基特隆在郵件中說道：“每份簡歷長得都一樣，全是復制粘貼，”更糟糕的是，幾乎沒人想著要把“我的名字，或是公司名寫在求職信上”。

“I'm so easy to Google: you type my name in, there's my Twitter, there's my personal and my professional website,” Zitron said. “Getting even the most basic facts… is easy.”

基特隆說道：“在谷歌上搜我易如反掌：你輸入我的名字，我的推特、個人和專業(yè)網(wǎng)站就都出來了。就連想了解一下我的基本信息也是……小菜一碟。”

His advice: Don’t send a generic cover letter, ever. Instead, share a bit of who you are and how that might relate to the position for which you are applying. Spend a few minutes Googling the firm. If you have a contact’s name, Google that person, too.

基特隆的建議是：絕對不要用千篇一律的求職信。你要做的，是簡單介紹一下自己，以及這和你所申請的崗位有什么關系?；c時間搜索一下公司。如果你有聯(lián)系人姓名，也搜索了解一下。

Be selective

要有針對性

Executive career coach Irene McConnell has clients who tell her they apply to more than 100 jobs per week. This is a big mistake, according to the director of Sydney-based Arielle Careers.

行政人員教練艾琳·麥康奈爾(Irene McConnell)說，有的客戶表示，他們每周會投100多份簡歷。而據(jù)悉尼Arielle Careers公司的主管所言，這可是求職大忌。

“The recruiters remember your name and begin to associate it with ‘that dude/gal who spams me every time I put a job ad up’,” McConnell said.

麥康奈爾說道：“招聘人員會記住你的名字，然后覺得‘怎么我每放個招聘廣告，這人都來，”。

Think of it like a house that’s on the market for too long. You start wondering what’s wrong with it and why it won’t sell.

聯(lián)想一下那些市面上總賣不出去的房子。你會覺得，這房子到底有什么蹊蹺，怎么總賣不出去。

Don’t think recruiters don’t know which applications have made the rounds. Some tell-tale signs: a resume and cover letter that are completely non-aligned, the wrong recruiter's name or an incorrect role of interest, according to McConnell. The recruiting world is a lot smaller than you might think.

麥康奈爾表示，不要覺得招聘人員看不出誰是費了心思，誰是隨便投的。一些細節(jié)問題往往出賣了你：簡歷和求職信的格式七歪八扭，招聘人員的名字寫錯的，又或是應聘崗位填錯了的。招聘圈子沒你想得那么大。

“If you damage your reputation in the eyes of recruiters, it will be more difficult to get a call back even when you put a thought-through application in,” McConnell said.

麥康奈爾表示：“如果你在招聘人員那里把名聲搞臭了。即使你以后再投一份精心準備的簡歷，想要重獲崗位恐怕也是難上加難。”

Keep photos to yourself

照片就自己留著吧，別貼了!

Roy Cohen, a New York-based veteran career counsellor and executive coach, remembers when a new client included an image of herself in a bikini in her application packet.

來自紐約的資深職業(yè)顧問兼行政人員教練羅伊·科恩(Roy Cohen)表示，他最近的一個客戶在自己的求職文件中放了一張自己的比基尼照。